The government’s department of education controls the provision of schooling in the country. Historically much of the education was provided by religious groups such as the Jesuits. During the colonial period, students were encouraged to go back to Portugal to have a university education but by the late 18th century higher education had reached Brazil itself.
Elementary school is compulsory and lasts 9 years. Only students who pass their elementary school exams can progress to secondary school, which runs for only 3 years. During the year 2006, Brazilians aged 15 had a 90% literacy rate. In order to get into university, students must pass their secondary exams and a university entrance exam.
Some bachelor’s degrees take five years but most students study a four year curriculum. Masters degrees take two years while PhDs can last for four years. Some universities are public whereas others are privately funded.
