When greeting someone, shake hands firmly. If you are not met by someone initially, greet the most senior person in the room first. You may find that Turkish people do not require the same personal space as you; try not to back away from them as this is seen as rude.
If possible avoid scheduling meetings during Ramadan. Business dress should be conservative, although in the height of summer in big cities, it is acceptable for men to remove their tie. Women should remain covered, especially if in rural areas.
Turks prefer to take time to establish a business relationship with social functions. Courtesy is a very important trait. It may take a long time to come to the point of your meeting with a lot of preliminary informal chat first. Family, sport (especially football) and culture are good topics of conversation, but avoid politics. Translate all your business materials (cards, paperwork etc) into Turkish as well as English.
Gift giving is not common in business relationships, but will not be seen as offensive. Bring your colleagues something from your own country, although avoid alcohol. A lot of business entertaining will take place over a leisurely meal in a restaurant. The host will always pay. Coffee and smoking will usually be an important part of these meetings.
