PhD Studentship: Techniques of Improvement of Fracture Toughness in Composites and Development of Multi-scale Computational Models for the Simulation of the Crack Propagation and Prediction of the Residual Strength

Supervisory Team: Prof. Gennaro Scarselli

PhD Supervisor: Gennaro Scarselli

Project description:

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are popular in engineering applications due to their excellent structural performance and relatively low weight. However, their laminated structure results in low fracture toughness and limited impact resistance, influenced by the type of polymer used. Composite materials often exhibit low fracture toughness values, yet various experimental techniques can enhance the toughness of thermoset and thermoplastic composites. Typical approaches include surface treatments of dry fibers, such as UV or atmospheric plasma; the addition of nanoparticles to the resin; and the integration of materials like carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, graphene, thermoplastic films, stainless steel fibers, and nonwoven veils between layers.

The primary aim of this PhD is to critically review the current research on fracture properties of composite materials and the experimental methods to improve them, alongside developing new approaches to enhance these properties. External environmental factors, such as humidity, pressure, and temperature, will also be key variables. Under the guidance of the supervisor, the candidate will conduct experimental tests on composite samples to evaluate properties like crack propagation speed, G_I,C and G_II,C (mode I and mode II fracture toughness respectively). Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) and End Notch Flexure (ELS) tests will be performed using the Laboratory of Testing Materials and Structures. These experiments will contribute to the development of multiscale computational models for simulating crack propagation and establishing reliable methods to predict the residual strength of composite structures.

The simulations, performed in Ansys at the University of Southampton, will model the micro-scale behavior of individual fibers within the matrix (interfacial shear strength) to predict the composite’s macro-scale behavior against experimental values. Ideal candidates should hold a Master’s degree in Mechanical or Aerospace Engineering, though graduates in Materials Science with background knowledge in Continuum Mechanics/Elasticity are also well-suited. By the end of the PhD, the candidate will have gained strong skills in experimental mechanics, test management, materials characterization, and numerical modeling, particularly finite element analysis. They will also be equipped to conduct independent, complex experimental/numerical research projects.

Entry Requirements

A very good undergraduate degree (at least a UK 2:1 honours degree, or its international equivalent).

Closing date: 31 August 2025. 

Applications will be considered in the order that they are received, the position will be considered filled when a suitable candidate has been identified.

Funding: We offer a range of funding opportunities for both UK and international students, including Bursaries and Scholarships.

For more information please visit PhD Scholarships | Doctoral College | University of Southampton

Funding will be awarded on a rolling basis, so apply early for the best opportunity to be considered.

How To Apply

Apply online, by clicking the 'Apply' button, above. 

Select programme type (Research), 2025/26, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, next page select “PhD Engineering & Environment (Full time)”.

In Section 2 of the application form you should insert the name of the supervisor Gennaro Scarselli

Applications should include:

• Research Proposal
• Curriculum Vitae
• Two reference letters
• Degree Transcripts/Certificates to date

For further information please contact: feps-pgr-apply@soton.ac.uk

Advert information