PhD Studentship: Historical genomics of the declining red squirrel in Britain

Primary supervisor - Dr Anders Bergström

Scientific background 

The red squirrel in Britain is one of the most iconic examples of a declining population. It has suffered greatly since the introduction of the invasive grey squirrel in the late 1800s, but even before then it was struggling due to hunting and deforestation. However, already since the late 1700s, people have tried to counter the decline by introducing new red squirrels from continental Europe, representing an unusually long-running attempt at genetic rescue. How all of this has affected the genetic make-up, fitness and ancestry of squirrels is very poorly understood. 

This project will study the rollercoaster history of the red squirrel in Britain using historical DNA, which promises to add a whole new layer of understanding to the histories of species. By directly tracing red squirrel genetic diversity over the past few hundred years, the project has two goals: 1) To provide general insights into the genetics of population decline and rescue, broadly applicable across organisms. 2) To reconstruct the specific history of the widely cherished red squirrel, potentially informing future efforts to conserve it. 

Research methodology 

The project will sequence whole genomes from the few surviving British red squirrel populations, and continental reference populations. It will use historical DNA techniques to sequence genomes from British squirrels in museum collections, to directly analyse how genetic diversity, inbreeding and genetic load has changed over time, and evaluate the effects that the many introductions actually had on squirrel populations. The project will also address how much native British squirrel ancestry persists today, to test the hypothesis that the many introductions has led to a complete loss of native ancestry and local genetic adaptations (‘genetic swamping’). 

Training 

The student will receive broad training in molecular biology, historical DNA, genomics, bioinformatics and population genetics. The student will take part in journal clubs and departmental seminars, present their work at conferences, and develop skills in critical thinking and science communication. 

Person specification 

The ideal candidate will have a background in a biological science (e.g. genetics, molecular biology, zoology, evolution, ancient DNA), and have strong interests in genomics, wet-lab work, and evolution

Entry requirements

At least UK equivalence Bachelors (Honours) 2:1. English Language requirement (Faculty of Science equivalent: IELTS 6.5 overall, 6 in each category). 

Acceptable first degree: Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Zoology, Evolution, Ancient DNA, Archaeology.

Mode of study

Full-time

Start date

1 October 2026

Funding Information

ARIES studentships are subject to UKRI terms and conditions. Successful candidates who meet UKRI’s eligibility criteria will be awarded a fully-funded studentship, which covers fees, maintenance stipend (£20,780 p.a. for 2025/26) and a research training and support grant (RTSG). A limited number of studentships are available for international applicants, with the difference between 'home' and 'international' fees being waived by the registering university. Please note, however, that ARIES funding does not cover additional costs associated with relocation to, and living in, the UK, such as visa costs or the health surcharge.  

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