PhD Studentship on Investigating and Mitigating Micro-defects in 3D-Printed Concrete

The emergence of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) is reshaping the future of construction, offering unprecedented design freedom, material efficiency, and automation. Unlike conventional concrete casting—where material is poured in bulk—3DCP constructs elements layer by layer via extrusion, introducing unique challenges related to interfacial bonding and structural performance.

This PhD project aims to investigate the formation and mitigation of micro-defects at the interfaces between printed layers. These defects, often caused by air entrapment, environmental exposure, or inconsistent bonding, can lead to mechanical anisotropy and compromise the durability of printed structures. Understanding these phenomena is critical for ensuring the reliability and scalability of 3D-printed concrete in real-world applications.

The research will examine how key parameters—such as printing speed, toolpath strategy, material rheology, and geometric complexity—influence interlayer adhesion. In parallel, the project will explore innovative material-based approaches to mitigate anisotropy and reduce the long-term impact of micro-defects, thereby enhancing the structural integrity and resilience of printed elements.

Candidate Requirements:

Applications are welcome from highly motivated candidates with a background in:

• Civil Engineering, Materials Science, or related disciplines.
• Experience or interest in Applied Rheology, Concrete Technology, Additive Manufacturing, and Materials Characterisation.
• Strong analytical skills and willingness to engage in experimental and interdisciplinary research and team.

Funding Notes:

Funding is for a fully funded studentship for UK/home students – stipend and tuition coverage. Applications are also welcomed from international students who can cover the tuition difference through self-funding or external sources.

Application Deadline:

Applications are accepted all year round.

Start Date:

Preferably January 2026

Supervision and Research Environment:

The project will be supervised by Dr John Kolawole (t.j.kolawole@bham.ac.uk). The University of Birmingham is one of the top-ranking universities in the UK and globally. The successful candidate will join a dynamic research group in the School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, with access to state-of-the-art 3D printing facilities and materials testing laboratories. Beyond research, the School of Engineering houses a new £65M signature building, investing heavily in people and infrastructure to enhance the experience of research students. The project also offers opportunities for collaboration with academic and industry partners in the fields of digital construction.

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